Accidental punctures by contaminated needles can inject hazardous fluids into the body through the skin. There is potential for injection of hazardous drugs, but injection of infectious fluids, especially blood, is by far the greatest concern.
Even small amounts of infectious fluid can spread certain diseases effectively.
Accidental injection of blood-borne viruses is the major hazard of needlestick injuries, especially the viruses that cause AIDS(the HIV virus), hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
The risk of infection after exposure to infected blood varies by bloodborne pathogen. The risk of transmission after exposure to HIV-infected blood is about 0.3%, whereas it is estimated to be up to 100 times greater for hepatitis B virus (30%) and could be as high as 10% for hepatitis C virus.
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